A Correlation-Based Algorithm for Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Estimation from Ballistocardiograms

Ballistocardiography (BCG) is a type of non-contact measurement technique that measures the mechanical reaction of the body resulting from heart contraction and the subsequent cardiac ejection of blood. Herein, we present an algorithm for beat-to-beat heart rate estimation from BCG signals that is both highly universal and easy to implement. The algorithm is based on the correlation between heartbeats in the same section of BCG. It first generates patterns by autocorre-lation, which are then matched with the remaining signals to determine heartbeats. The agreement of the proposed algorithm with synchronized electrocardiogram has been evaluated, and a relative beat-to-beat interval error of 1.66% and a relative average heart rate error of 1.25% were observed. The proposed algorithm is a promising candidate for a non-contact, long-term cardiac monitoring system at home.