Comparative Analysis of VANET’s Routing Protocol Classes: An Overview of Existing Routing Protocol Classes and Futuristic Challenges

VANET is a subclass of MANET, which is a fast-growing research area in the world. In VANET, vehicles are communicating with each other, vehicles to infrastructure and hybrid. V2V, V2I, and hybrid communication, several challenges are facing the researchers today. In VANET communication, vehicles as usually alter their area, clearing out and entering new vehicles, size of network and street condition are significant components included in it, so high mobility, highly dynamic topology, unbounded network size, network, and scalability is unique challenges. Existing MANET's protocols are not sufficient to support VANET due to these challenges. In this paper, we survey different VANET's routing protocols (VRPs) classes, and it's issued. Comparison of the various classes of VANET's protocols provides the guideline at one place. The purpose of this work is a survey of different VANET's routing mechanism, and it's challenging at one place to save the time of researchers and provide the opportunity for future work and further improvement to existed research work. Investigate the comparative analysis of the efficiency of different VRPs generally used in the world. Enlist the best protocols classes. Accumulate the scattered information regarding VRPs. Sort out the best and effective protocol classes among the diversity of used protocol classes. We suggest the replaced objects used for the node system, for example, the replacement of vehicles with animals existing in any specific area and its vicinity.