Accelerated Aging Characterization of Lithium-Ion Cells: Limitation of Arrhenius Dependency

Cell selection is a mandatory first step for the design of automotive battery systems. Thereby, aging characterization enables quantification of aging-related effects at an early stage. For aging characterization in industrial applications, an accelerated implementation is required. Applied methods for acceleration must not alter the composition of aging, and therefore must not initiate different aging mechanisms in comparison to the non-accelerated reference case. With regard to temperature dependence of calendar aging, this requirement of mechanism consistency corresponds to the validity of the Arrhenius dependency. This paper presents the results of a test series on calendar aging at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 80°C. Mechanism consistency is investigated using Differential Voltage Analysis (DVA), proving additional aging mechanisms beyond 60°C. In conclusion, the limitations of Arrhenius dependency for the investigated cells are discussed.