Economics of Vehicle-to-Grid Application for Providing Ancillary Services in Italy

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are expected to increase in the global car fleet, reaching almost 30% by 2040. This represents a major shift for automotive car makers and will also have a strong impact on the electricity infrastructure. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems can become an interesting energy reserve for the electrical system by storing the excess energy in the EV battery and by releasing it when necessary in a very short time. Furthermore, V2G can provide some ancillary services as frequency regulation and then the car owner may have some revenues. In this paper, some different scenarios based on aggregator will be analyzed.