Advanced Gear-Shifting and Clutching Strategy for a Parallel-Hybrid Vehicle

Recently, large-scale parallel-hybrid electric vehicles. (HEV) have attracted worldwide attention. This is due to developments in power ™ electronics technologies ft and electric components. In parallel HEVs, both the electric drive and the in“ ternal combustion engine provide driving torque to h, the wheels either separately or together. The electric drive also can be used as a generator to recharge the batteries when the engine produces more power than is needed to propel the vehicle [1].