A Closed-Form Solution for Localization Based on RSS

Various methods have been proposed for passive localization by using a network of sensors measuring different parameters such as the angle of arrival (AOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), Doppler frequency difference of arrival (FDOA), differential received signal strength (DRSS), the gain ratio of arrival (GROA), or a combination of these pieces of information. In this paper, a method for target localization based on power of received signal in multiple stations has been proposed for two scenarios. In one scenario, the receiving antennas are omnidirectional and in the other scenario they are directional. We have derived a closed-form solution for source localization in the first scenario and we have proposed two methods (i.e., random search and Taylor series) for estimating the target location in the second scenario. Using computer simulations, the performance of our methods was compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and it was shown that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional AOA-only measurement methods. Also, the effect of estimation error of parameter $n$ (which is related to the signal propagation path-loss exponent in the environment) on the performance of the proposed method was analyzed and it was concluded that it has no significant influence on the performance of the proposed method. Finally, the performance of the proposed method has been evaluated using the real received signal strength (RSS) data.