RSSI-Based Localization Using LoRaWAN Technology

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasing in size by having more devices connected to it as they are becoming low-cost to manufacture and easier to connect to the internet. New use cases are being created by the need for it and feasibility to provide it, with low-cost solutions. As a key enabler of the IoT, Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is gaining great attention in research and industry. It provides a desirable solution for applications that require hundreds or thousands of actively connected devices to monitor a process or an environment or to assist in controlling a certain process. Some of these IoT use cases require having the location information of the IoT devices. In some cases, localization can be the intrinsic purpose of deployment. In this regard, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI)-based localization offers a feasible and affordable solution. Since LoRaWAN has only been there for only a few years, research on utilizing LoRaWAN RSSI for localization purposes is in early stages and is scarce. In this paper, we study LoRaWAN RSSI-based localization and evaluate its accuracy, impairments, and prospects. In addition, we employ the use of software-defined radios (SDR) into our work for the purpose of path-loss characterization. The experimental results revealed the fact that a high variance of RSSI due to frequency hopping feature of LoRaWAN could severely impact the localization performance. Potential solutions are developed and presented to reduce this negative impact, hence improve the performance.