Proactive Fragmentation-Aware Routing, Modulation Format, Core, and Spectrum Allocation in EON-SDM

In Elastic Optical Networks with Space-Division Multiplexing (EON-SDM), dynamic allocation and de-allocation can generate spectrum fragmentation, increasing the blocking probability. Proactive solutions attempt to minimize or prevent future fragmentation occurrence by trying to find paths and blocks of slots to allocate. These solutions increase the chances of future connection requests to be allocated. This paper presents two proactive algorithms to avoid spectrum fragmentation in EON-SDMs. The proposed algorithms take into consideration the fragmentation state of the spectrum as well as potential bottleneck formation. Results demonstrate that our algorithms can reduce significantly the blocking probability while respecting the inter-core cross-talk constraint in Multi-Core Fiber (MCF).