Recommendations for Enhancing the Results of Cyber Effects

Cyber effects
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An “effect” is a direct or indirect objective (intended) outcome of an action. In warfare, the actions are intended to create effects, typically against the functional capabilities of a material target or to the behaviour of individuals. should be considered an important tool in the toolbox of warfare for the commander of a military operation. This paper discusses the key elements required to enhance decision-making in cyber operations. Many different parameters influence the outcome, but only some of them are internally controllable. This paper outlines how to predict the outcome of cyber effects and how to measure that outcome. It gives advice on developing cyber effect capabilities and reflects on how to integrate cyber effects in a mission as lateral support. The authors recommend a set of best practices for enhancing cyber effects in modern warfare.