On the Joint Impact of SU Mobility and PU Activity in Cognitive Vehicular Networks with Improved Energy Detection

Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA)/Cognitive Radio (CR) systems access the channel in an opportunistic, noninterfering manner with the primary network, thus being a promising approach to solve the problem of spectrum scarcity. Energy Detection, a spectrum sensing technique for DSA/CR systems, is widely used for blind sensing of unused frequency bands due to its non-parametric sensing ability and computationally low complexity. However, spectrum sensing becomes more challenging in Cognitive Vehicular Networks (CVNs) due to Secondary User's (SU's) mobility and often yields a detection performance loss as compared to static scenarios. In order to mitigate the impact of reduced detection performance due to mobility, the usage of an improved version of energy detection technique is proposed in this paper. Usage of Improved Energy Detection (IED) technique in CVNs results more than 10% increment in DSA/CR system performance. In this paper, we study the joint impact of SU's sensing range, PU's protection range and SU's mobility model on the PU Activity using IED technique in CVNs, with detection probability and probability of false alarm as the performance metrics. Also, we derive a closed form expression for the probability of PU being inside SU's sensing range. Based on the proposed framework, numerical results show great agreement with analysis, yielding a superior performance.