Energy efficient approaches in passive optical network: A review

A passive optical network (PON) has provided a better solution in network communication due to its capability of delivering a high volume of bandwidth and speed. However, it is known that most of the energy consumption in the communications network is from PONs within the access network. Thus, researchers from either academia and industry have continually worked to find an energy-efficient solution to minimize the energy consumption. In this paper, the most relevant research works to reduce energy consumption in telecom networks, especially at the access network level, employing the optical technologies presented.