Kinetic Simulation of Cardiac Motion with Patient-Specific Coronary Artery Vessels Attached for PCI Simulator

In this paper, we propose to simulate the dynamic motion of cardiovascular system attached with patient-specific vessel structure for personalized Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) simulation to train surgeons of skills and to help planning surgery. To obtain patient-specific vessel structure, a coarse segmentation with the centerlines extraction subsequently is applied to the computed tomography (CT) scans and the vessels along the centerlines is modeled using a lofted 2D segmentation method. The vessels are then combined with a template heart model to construct a cardiovascular system. For the cardiac motion, we estimate the ventricles motion from 4D Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences to drive the whole heart motion. And the position-based method coupling with a mass-spring model constructed with elastic spheres is used to simulate the cardiac motion cycle stably in the interactive PCI simulator. With our method, a personalized highly realistic beating motion of a whole heart is able to be created and applied to our patient-specific PCI surgery simulation system.