Failure Behavior Analysis of 1-Out-of-N Hot-Standby System with Imperfect Switch

Hot-standby redundancy is a widely applied technique for improving the reliabilities of some mission-crucial systems or products. Considering the failure of the switch into the reliability analysis, the hot-standby component (HSC) may fail in many possible sequences before being switched to work. In this paper, we illustrate a transformation of the hot-spare gate, and derive some formulas for calculating the analytical solution of the unreliability of the hot-standby system (HSS). Based on the binary decision diagram (BDD) and physics of failure, the formulas based on the integral operation and some mathematical algorithms based on Monte-Carlo method for analyzing the failure behavior of the 1-out-of-n HSS are proposed. A 1-out-of-4 HSS in a electronic control system are illustrated for modeling and analyzing the HSS with the proposed method.