Intelligent Energy-Efficient Load Balanced Khalimsky-Based Routing Scheme for K-Hop Clustered WSNs

In this manuscript we detail a new load balancing routing technic for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) divided into multi-hop clusters. The aim of this work consists of distributing the intra-cluster and inter-cluster traffic on the Khalimsky shortest paths in each cluster, using functional and mobile agents. The intra-cluster shortest paths are obtained by finding in each large cluster the anchor nodes of Khalimsky topology using triangulation technic. These intra-cluster routing paths are concatenated to form optimized inter-cluster routes between the cluster-heads and the sink. We show that the distribution of traffic across several optimized Khalimsky paths allows load balancing between deployed sensor nodes and retains a significant amount of energy. We show also that the multi-agents system (MAS) technic optimizes the management of collected informations and minimizes the number of exhausted nodes.