A Bidirectional Interactive Electric Vehicles Operation Modes: Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) Variations Within Smart Grid

Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are appealing retailers and whole sale dealers for peak shaving. Electric Vehicles, either Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) or Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) interactions are the demanding domain in SG. Renewable energies integration will develop future generation Electric vehicle (EV) transportation, thus contributing more towards the green environment and reduced CO2 emission. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate Smart Building (SB) interaction with energy storage devices, Power EVs for grid load shifting, peak trimming, and reduction of annual energy usage. V2G interfacing, quick charging and discharging, battery backup, and reliability are the main challenges that are discussed and analyzed. Furthermore, we presented V2G and G2V simulation model to describe various parameters affecting the grid-interface network. The case study evaluated various controller parameters affecting the dynamics of V2G and G2V grid-inter-connected system, grid-support stability, and control.