Design of a Broadband Fractal Antenna for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio

In this paper, a new type of hut-shaped broadband fractal antenna is proposed for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio. The proposed antenna is designed for its operation in the 3.56 - 6.67 GHz band with omnidirectional radiation pattern. Return loss has been improved by using Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) technique. The simulation result confirms the accuracy and efficiency of MFO for antenna design. The gain, directivity and radiation efficiency of the design are appropriate at all frequencies in the specified spectrum. Radiation pattern is also omnidirectional, which is the main requirement for spectrum sensing antennas in cognitive radio. The presented antenna confirms to its wideband performance having a bandwidth of 60.74%.