A 94GHz 2×2 Phased-Array FMCW Imaging Radar Transceiver with 11dBm Output Power and 10.5dB NF in 65nm CMOS

This paper presents a 94GHz 2×2 phased-array frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) imaging radar transceiver. The transceiver consists of two receiving paths, two transmitting paths and a local oscillator (LO) generation path. In order to improve gain and noise performance, multi-paralleled transistors with small number-of-fingers are used to design power amplifier (PA) and low noise amplifier (LNA). A 24GHz voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is used to generate wideband FMCW signals, and two differential push-push cascode doublers are used to act as a quadrupler, which has a low power and high stability. Phase shifter (PS) with constant insertion loss (IL) compensation is used to achieve constant gain among different phase states. The LO path has a continuous frequency tuning range of 14GHz. The transmitter has a maximum output power of 11 dBm and 2.8dB power flatness over 14GHz bandwidth. The receiver has a conversion gain of 20dB and a noise figure (NF) of 10.5dB.