Modelling and Simulation Study of Glucose Insulin Control in Type 1 Diabetic Patient Used for Developing Artificial Pancreas

Diabetes is one of the major rising diseases which are spread globally. For every 8 seconds one life is claimed or at every 30 seconds a limb is lost. Every developed country around the world is making a concern in fighting against it. Diabetes is a disease where a body will have excessive glucose concentration. Diabetes may be detected with few of the symptoms like thirst, blurring of vision, polyuria and weight loss. The normal range of blood glucose a body need to maintain is about 70-110mg\dl. To maintain and regulate blood glucose, determination of the level of glucose in blood is a necessary procedure which helps in development of a good controller. Designing a good controller needs an adequate knowledge of mathematical plant model. Well chosen plant model needs to incorporate the dynamics of the system which will correctly respond to the changes. The main parameters considered for developing such models are biological hormonal effect. In the background study, number of mathematical models on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has been reported, from which Bergman, Augmented Bergman and Sorenson model are considered for the simulation and development of conventional PID and advanced controller like Model Predictive Control (MPC). A detailed interaction, mass balance equation and the simulink results of the Bergman Minimal Model, the Augmented model and the Sorenson model with various cases is detailed in the next sections.