A Survey of Cross Country Generation Mix - Opportunities and Challenges: Bangladesh, Australia, and the U.S.A Perspectives

Optimal electricity generation mix profile is one of the influential elements need to be considered for the economic growth of a country. In this paper, we represent a survey of generation mix data in Bangladesh, Australia, and the USA. This paper represents overall power generation scenarios among the three countries with different economic scale. These three countries follow a different kind of generation mix trend and face various obstacles to meet their present and future demand. The study found some challenging factors in electricity generation to meet demand. The decreasing use of fossil fuel resources, environmental constrict, and the high cost of electricity production - a few dominant factors. Though developed countries like Australia and the USA are emphasizing renewable energy over fossil fuel-based resources and they are producing a big amount of electricity from renewable resources. However, renewable raises uncertainty in the system operation in proportion to the level of penetration. In fact, fossil fuel resources are depleting day by the day hence renewable energy will lead future electricity sector. Nevertheless, developing countries like Bangladesh is not producing electricity from renewable resources that much compared to developed countries. One common aspect found that the dependency on the gas-based power plant and renewable energy is rising. This study shows how a developing country and developed countries handling their electricity generation sector using various fuel sources that can help other countries to design their generation policy framework.