Localized Plasmonic Enhanced Waveguide Modulator with High Speed Tunability Using Graphene

A nanoantenna based waveguide modulator with high speed tunability using graphene has been achieved. The localized plasmon resonance of the nanoantennas caused by the effective coupling of the waveguide mode greatly enhance the light-graphene interaction, as demonstrated here, a 500 GHz modulation rate with an active device area of just 0.16 μm² is presented.