Energy Efficient Topology Control Algorithm and Dynamic Management Scheme for Underwater IoT Applications

Exploration and mentoring oceans have been very demanding in the research in order to maintain successful underwater communications (UWC). Data transmission and practical applications have been considering of having energy efficient routing protocols, despite of the rapid energy consumption, high latency and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) of the nodes. Also, the environmental nature of the ocean may cause a disaster which may interrupt the data transmission. Thus, in this paper, we seek for distributing the underwater wireless sensor nodes (UWSN) into grids in an energy-efficient-approach and a sustainable system in case of disasters. We propose topology control algorithm which finds the optimal location of the UWSN based on the energy efficiency approach in the underwater network with energy harvesting abilities, given the depth required which is differ from application to another. Moreover, in case of disaster, Disaster Recover Reconfiguration Algorithm is proposed to enrich the network with the flexibility of routing in case of the disaster considering most energy-efficient path with the procedure of degrading the traffic of edges nodes to maintain connectivity of the network. The harvested power of five UWSN is measured from real data considering the exact location and depth of the nodes to test both algorithms.