Harmonics-Based RFID Sensor Based on Graphene Frequency Multiplier and Machine Learning

We present here a compact graphene-based radiofrequency identification (RFID) sensor that can simultaneously detect two (bio-)chemical agents with the molecular-level sensitivity. We demonstrate that a simple circuit comprising the functionalized graphene transistors can realize a chemically-sensitive frequency modulator, whose output high harmonics are sensitively influenced by two (bio-)chemical agents. Moreover, the machine learning method is used to analyze multiple output harmonics for retrieving chemical properties of (bio-)chemical agents under detection. The proposed RFID sensor may find various wireless sensing applications and internet-of-things (IoTs).