Analog Beamforming with Single-Sideband Sub- Time- Modulated Arrays

Switched TMAs are especially attractive in terms of efficiency either to exploit the fundamental mode improving the sideband lobe level of a given static pattern while minimizing the sideband radiation, or to leverage the steering capacity of the first harmonic pattern in a single sideband configuration. Both techniques have been combined to propose a so-called sub- TMA architecture which may take advantage, as described below, of the small size of millimetre wave antennas. The proposed sub-TMA-based architecture accomplishes a multiple-beam analog beamforming while offering high levels of both efficiency and flexibility.