Influence of Tropospheric Ducts on Radio Propagation over Sea Surface

Small deviation of the parameter can lead to significant changes in the long distances. The article investigates the radio propagation with distortion of the refractive index. Negative gradient is called the duct. The radio propagation over-the-horizon in the evaporation duct is possible. Shown optimal excitation of the evaporation duct by a highly directional antenna are studied. The main factors influencing the range of the radio link are show, such as the height of the transmitting antenna and attenuation in air and diffraction at sea waves. Elevated-surface duct may appear over the sea surface separately or together with the evaporation duct. The effect of an elevated surface and mixed ducts on the radio propagation is considered. In this study the radio propagation is calculated by the parabolic equation method.