A Simple Temperature and Irradiance-Dependent Expression for the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Cells and Modules

In this paper a simple expression to calculate the efficiency as a function of the temperature and irradiance is presented. The proposed efficiency model has been validated and compared with other efficiency models reported in the scientific literature. Differently from the reported models, the proposed efficiency model only requires the data provided in the data sheet of photovoltaic modules and cells and it is not required to estimate parameters or perform measurements.