IEC 61850-Based Communication Modeling of EV Charge-Discharge Management for Maximum PV Generation

Photovoltaic (PV) modules are the most common distributed energy resource utilized at household level, owing to the subsidies and payback schemes. Proliferation of residential PV reduces the bills for its owner and supports the grid by local generation when needed. However, since they are located at distribution networks, too much local generation causes over-voltage issues. The traditional solution is to curtail the PV generation when the voltage limit is reached. This limits the benefits of the residential PV systems, makes expected payback period longer, and reduces the amount of captured renewable energy. Alternative approaches that make use of the available storage, such as electric vehicles (EVs), to avoid over-voltage issues in the network and maximize the PV generation, are required. In this paper, a charge–discharge management scheme is shown, where the estimated PV generation as well as the EV location and its state of charge are utilized to calculate the expected PV curtailment due to the over-voltage issues. Based on this information, EV battery is utilized to capture the energy that would, otherwise, be curtailed. This scheme requires the exchange of data and information between different entities, such as irradiation sensors, households, and grid energy management system. Considering the variety of devices included in this communication network, a standardized approach is vital for its successful implementation. Therefore, IEC61850-based communication models are developed for the house energy management system, PV, EV, and grid energy management system. Furthermore, communication message flows have been developed, and their performances have been investigated using different communication technologies.