A Multiobjective Voltage Unbalance Factor for PV Hosting Capacity with Probabilistic ZIP Load Models

This paper proposes a multiobjective voltage unbalance factor to estimate single-phase photovoltaic (PV) hosting capacity in 3-phase residential networks. This factor is derived from a combination of various components, including zero and negative-sequence voltage unbalance factors associated with the inherent variability and uncertainty of both loads and PV generation. A time-varying probabilistic ZIP load model is also incorporated in the proposed factor to characterize the uncertainty of voltage-dependent loads within each hour of a day over four seasons. The location, size and phase allocation of PV units are randomly generated. Simulation results obtained on a modified IEEE 4-bus test feeder and the IEEE European low voltage test feeder show that the developed approach can provide a better response to the hourly-varying and uncertain behaviors of loads and generation.