Effective utilization of voltage control capabilities of the grid assets under the impact of renewable distributed generation

In recent years, grid modernization has become vital to achieve a balance between energy economics and consumer comfort. As the cost of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as photovoltaics (PV) has declined, utility companies have become increasingly interested in incorporating these technologies into the smart grid. Even though the advantages from DER integration outweigh the challenges, its implementation is easier said than done. To overcome these issues, a grid apparatus with advanced monitoring and dynamic control capabilities must be efficiently commissioned. In turn, this enables reliable operation of a high-performance, economically viable power grid. This study utilizes an IEEE 34 bus system modified to integrate high penetration DERs alongside dynamically controllable voltage control devices (Eaton's Voltage Regulator controller) to provide a broad understanding of the system reliability and resiliency. The three advanced apparatus operating control modes showcased are Sequential, Time-integrating and Voltage-averaging. In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the commonly established voltage control modes and configurations in a voltage regulator as well as recommendations for enhancing performance of the system using various degrees of control.