Integrated Demand Response Under the Backgroud of Energy Internet: A Review and Outlook

The pattern of separation between different energy systems is broken with the development of Energy Internet (EI), which brings the opportunity to enrich the ideas of demand response (DR). The paper focuses on the integrated demand response (IDR) in the EI. Firstly, key technologies and typical application scenarios of DR are introduced briefly. The concept of IDR is derived from the power-side DR due to the rich means and forms of energy conversion, distribution and transmission in the EI. Then, the subjects involved in IDR are divided according to the composition of multi-energy physical system of EI. Hence, a hierarchical structure including three layers towards IDR interaction is put forward. Basing on the hierarchical structure, some key technologies of IDR, such as model basis and optimization strategy between different layers are summarized and generalized. Finally, the difficulties and outlooks of integrated demand response are given to provide suggestions for IDR development under the background of EI.