A Survey of Localization using RSSI and TDoA Techniques in Wireless Sensor Network: System Architecture

In the new global economy, localization study has become a central attraction for tracking objects, such as children, pets or assets located either indoor or outdoor environment. The object environment somehow has a significant effect to the degree of the accuracy offered by the localization algorithms. This paper initially reviews localization techniques that are broadly categorized into two sub-categories, which are range-based and range-free techniques. In addition to that, three main algorithms used in localization, which are trilateration, multilateration and triangulation, and also the wireless technologies employed are also discussed. Referring to the previous literature, this paper proposes for the localization a design architecture of transmitter and receiver using long range (LoRa). The proposed system can be used to develop for a small low-cost low-power LoRa tracking device without global positioning satellite (GPS).