Transmitting GBAS messages via LDACS

The Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) is a landing system for aircraft based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It consists of a reference station at an airport that generates corrections and integrity parameters that are transmitted to arriving aircraft. The broadcast is currently accomplished via a VHF data broadcast (VDB). In recent years it turned out that proper siting and frequency planning for the VDB is a challenging task in an operational environment. Coverage, as well as signal power issues, especially at large and complex airports have led to a number of considerations that have to be taken into account when installing VDB transmission antennas. Furthermore, current GBAS only broadcast corrections for the L1 frequency of GPS satellites. Availability issues, mainly due to ionospheric effects in equatorial regions, however, drive the development of expanding GBAS from a single frequency single constellation system towards a dual frequency multi constellation architecture. Transmitting additional corrections and integrity parameters at the same update rate is challenging due to the limited capacity of the VDB data link. Finally, transmission should offer the potential to provide secure transmissions with an authenticated signal in order to be robust also from a security perspective. For all these reasons it can be envisioned to provide the GBAS messages via LDACS which is currently in the process of standardization. This could resolve the issues mentioned and thus support GBAS implementation in the future. This paper provides an overview of the expected benefits mentioned above and provides a first performance estimation of GBAS over LDACS.