Design of multiband circularly polarized antenna arrays for GNSS applications

Two Multiband circularly polarized antenna arrays are proposed in this paper. Both of the antenna arrays consist of four antenna elements. Each antenna element has three patches, generating circular polarization electromagnetic wave at three frequency bands. The antenna arrays can operate at GPS L1, L2, and L5 bands. The slits are used in the second antenna array to achieve lower mutual coupling between the antenna elements compared with the first antenna array. Simulations and measurements are carried out to study the antenna element and antenna arrays' performances in terms of impedance matching, axial ratio, gain and radiation patterns. Both of simulation and measurement results are shown to illustrate the good performance of the proposed antenna arrays. It is very suitable for multi-functional GNSS applications.