Harmonic Effects of Electric Vehicles on Low Voltage Distribution Transformers and Power Grid

Since electric vehicles have been getting widespread around the world in recent years, a simulation has been made on MATLAB / SIMULINK, assuming that the harmonics given to the grid by electric vehicles will increase losses on the transformers, especially the Eddy current losses depending on the change of K-factor. In this simulation, the conditions in Turkey are considered. Charging stations and the charge devices in the car parks of shopping centers are analyzed in terms of the increase of the number of electric vehicles charged at the same time based on the real measurements of an 2013 model Toyota Corolla electric vehicle with 36 kWh battery capacity when 3-pahse charging currents are unbalanced. Harmonic effects of electric vehicles are examined for making analysis about the voltage levels at both an distribution transformers' low voltage side and the bus the vehicles connected. Furthermore, potential voltage drop problems on the low voltage side and increase in Eddy current losses are discussed, and this project aims to give solutions to all these problems mentioned. The values obtained in the simulations are analyzed according to the standards IEC 61000, ECE 10-05, TS EN 50160, IEEE 519-2014, IEEE std C57-110, IEC 61851, and IEC 62196. The simulation results are examined under the regulations in Turkey, which are “Regulation on Internal Electrical Installations”, and “Regulation on Electricity Market Customer Services”.