Take-over performance analysis depending on the drivers’ non-driving secondary tasks in automated vehicles

If the automated vehicle fails to drive automatically, the human driver must control the vehicle. So far, human drivers have had little experience of taking over vehicle control during driving and there is a lack of research how they react in this situation. This paper analyzed drivers' TOR reaction time when they are switching to manual drive in response to a take-over request (TOR) while performing non-driving secondary tasks. The results show that drivers need different reflective reaction time depending on the secondary tasks and thus need to consider different type of TORs based on the status of driver.