Development of Electromagnetic Simulation Tool for HF Radar Considering Effects of Ionosphere

In high frequency (HF) ocean radar, part of the energy undesirably propagates upwards and is reflected back to the antenna from the ionosphere. Such ionospheric clutters are not completely understood while their mechanism has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In this study, an electromagnetic simulation tool which is based on a full wave method was developed to reveal the effect of the ionosphere on HF waves. A problem of computational time is solved by compensation of intensity of evanescent waves in post-processing.