Augmenting IoT-based Systems with Intelligence

As IoT devices proliferate, platforms and programming environments to develop IoT-based systems are becoming commonplace. However, the current models of development will soon prove to be inadequate due to the exploding scale, variety and dynamism in the IoT ecosystems, which is making it imperative that these systems manage and operate themselves in an autonomous fashion. Specifically, IoT-based systems must be able to adapt themselves intelligently to changes in the device hardware and software, the context and context-dependent policies and continue delivering to the requirements. Unfortunately, current IoT platforms and programming environments do not have any native support for such intelligence. In order to address this lacuna, we suggest additional components and APIs that can support intelligent autonomy based on the MAPE-K (Monitor, Analyze, Plan, Execute, Knowledge) architecture. The solution is demonstrated through a couple of concrete case studies implemented using IoT sensors and actuators on Raspberry Pi boards, openHAB - a popular IoT automation environment, Metric-FF - a well-known search-based AI planner and Leshan, an LwM2M platform for providing the sensing and actuation interfaces of the IoT devices.