A Survey on Energy Efficient Routing for Delay Minimization in IoT Networks

The IoT networks consists of many sensor nodes with limited computational power and energy (battery power). The lifetime of the node depends upon its battery size and volume of data processing (sensing and routing). The connectivity hole is one of the major problems in the IoT networks. The connectivity holes are the nodes, which can't process the data properly due to the software malfunctioning or attack. Hence, it becomes very necessary to eliminate the connectivity holes from the routing paths to avoid the data drop and reduce the delay. The end-to-end delay and data drop rate can be improved by designing the new smart routing protocol scheme based upon the segmental computation for smart cities with the ability to avoid or eliminate the connectivity holes from the routing paths and to handle the larger volumes of data across the multiple paths. This means the network divided in the individual cluster will involve the each cluster's nodes individually to discover the stable and robust path. This path is maintained within the clusters, rather than maintaining the whole source to destination path at once. The proposed work will handle the dynamic routing for the mobile nodes in the given heterogeneous wireless mesh network. The backward and forward technique will be used to detect the presence of connectivity hole in the network. The dynamic route update algorithm will be proposed and designed for the dynamic route updation in the segmental (micro) routing mechanism when operating within the given zone. The inter-zone handovers will be treated with the complete route updates in order to remove the chances of bad route origination.