Influence of Transmitter and Receiver Orientation on the Channel Gain for RSS Ranging-Based VLP

In this work, a set of general expressions taking into account the impact of transmitter and receiver tilt in visible light positioning on the channel gain is elaborated. A rigorous approach involving Euler rotations results in a compact expression for the modified channel gain that can be interpreted graphically. The relative modification of this gain is numerically evaluated for a number of representative configurations. A first order approximation in case of small tilt angles leads to a number of interesting conclusions that can be utilized directly when applying received signal strength visible light positioning.