Integrated Route and Charging Planning for Electric Vehicles Considering Nonlinear Charging Functions

Considering the carbon emission reduction and energy saving, the electric vehicles (EVs) have been identified as a promising alternative to classical fossil fuel-driven vehicles. Consequently, the Electric Vehicle Route Planning with Recharging (EVRC) problem extends traditional routing problems to take the limited capacity of the vehicle's battery into consideration. In order to avoid the depletion of battery, planned detours should be introduced to recharge the battery. As the previous research works mainly focused on the three assumptions: (1) EVs will be fully charged when they get a CS; (2) The charging time rises linearly as the battery charge level ascends;(3) Serve time is not considered in the whole process. However, in the actual situations, the location of the used charging stations and the amount of charge are decision variables. In addition, the charging function is not linear. In this work, we propose an integrated route and charging planning for EVs, and take partial charging, nonlinear charging functions as well as serve time into consideration. The experimental result shows that it leads to infeasible or excessively costly solutions when the serve time and the features of partial and nonlinear charging process are ignored.