Design and Simulation of Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna for C band and X band Applications

This paper presents a conventional single band pentagon shaped microstrip patch antenna that works at 7.5GHz with a return loss of -43.48dB, gain of 3.498dBi with directivity of 6.8627dBi. The antenna has been designed on 1.59 mm FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent of 0.02. A 1x2 and a 1x4 array of the conventional patch antenna has been designed to increase the gain and directivity of the antenna. The conventional patch antenna has been further frequency reconfigured into a dual band antenna by using Durer pentagon fractal geometry using varactor diodes. The proposed antenna finds application in defense and secure communication in C band (4 GHz to 8 GHz) and X band (8 GHz to 12 GHz) applications where antenna can be used for satellite communication and RADAR applications. The antenna has been designed using IE3D EM simulator and results are analyzed in terms of return loss, impedance bandwidth, gain and directivity.