Integrated Full-Hemisphere Space-to-Frequency Mapping Antenna With CRLH Stripline Feed Network

A planar 2-D antenna array capable of mapping a full-hemisphere space to frequencies around 6 GHz is presented. It was designed using composite right-/left-handed transmission lines for the series feed network as well as for the radiating elements, thus achieving size reduction and beam steering control simplification compared to other approaches. Stripline fabrication technology is utilized to eliminate the undesired feed network radiation. A via-less unit cell reduces sensitivity to via misplacement. The result is an antenna that can be used for radar or imaging applications with the appropriate transmit/receive circuitry. Validation is provided by pattern measurements and successful detection of reflective targets.