Centralized Synchronization Using Synchrophasors and Dynamic Delay Compensation

Synchronizing a generator to a power system and synchronizing two islanded systems together are critical yet delicate problems that have existed ever since alternating current was adopted as a means of transmitting electrical power. Mis-synchronization can damage equipment (e.g., generators, transformers and breakers). This article describes a centralized synchronization control based on synchrophasors. This control automatically determines running and incoming voltage sources for each breaker using a topological method whose inputs are the states of the breakers and disconnecting switches. A synchronism check (25) is performed on each breaker. In addition, an automatic synchronization (25A) may be performed according to the breaker selected by the operator. Dynamic compensation of the variable delays due to the use of synchrophasors allows the required level of accuracy to be achieved. The control has been implemented on an IEC 61131 platform and tested on a modified IEEE 3-machine 9-bus system simulated in real-time using Hypersim. The overall architecture is fully redundant and it is 61850 compliant.