Modeling of Smart Grid Technologies for Reliability Calculations of Distribution Grids

Due to the transformation of the electric energy system, distribution grids are facing tremendous technical changes, in particular the integration of distributed generators and electric mobility load peaks. Smart grid solutions are upcoming network technology options to meet rising technical and economic challenges. However, the impact of smart grid solutions on customer and distributed generation reliability is still uncertain. Compared to conventional network components, smart grid technologies have complex characteristics during failure events. For detailed reliability modelling of these components new Markov models are developed in this paper. Considered technologies are decentralized network automation systems, on-load voltage-regulated MV/LV distribution transformers and line voltage regulators. In addition, state probabilities for each model are presented and impacts of the proposed models are discussed.