Reconfigurable Impedance Converter for Synthesis of Integer and Fractional-Order Synthetic Elements

This paper introduces a practical and straightforward view on the design of circuit based on electronically controllable current conveyors (ECCIIs), wide-band operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), voltage buffer (BUF) and four quadrant current-mode multiplier. All these elements are implemented for the possibility of multiple electronical tunability (via DC voltage parameters VSET) of the resulting specific reconfigurable impedance converter of the integer-order as well as the fractional-order. This solution leads to circuit with electronically controllable input impedance (L_{eq}, lossy/lossless character). A constant phase element (CPE) is tested in this converter in order to maintain a constant phase response (for phase response ε=30o resulting from order 1/3) and phase ripple in a specific frequency band. All theoretical assumptions are supported by PSpice simulations.