Characterization of phase errors using gray dynamic model

Characterization of phase errors based on the gray dynamic model is discussed in this paper. The model has been proven useful in the prediction of the response of a system with energy. In this work, we use a model, called GM(1,1), to characterize the phase error between two clocks. The advantage of using the model is that it is capable of predicting future data simply based on a sequence of data samples. Two examples are conducted to justify the value of using the model.