Design and Implementation of an RFID-GSM-Based Vehicle Identification System on Highways

In this paper, a real-time radio frequency identification (RFID)-GSM-based vehicle identification system compatible with IEEE802.15.4 is designed and implemented at 2.4 GHz, which provides a full automation of highway scanning far away from the monitoring station. Once the RFID reader broadcasts “auto-highway-scanning” RF signal, each tagged vehicle within the RF field of 80 m from the reader runs a collision-avoidance scheme involving two strategies. First, the unique tag's CC2530F256 SoC MAC address is used to generate a fixed waiting time. The second strategy utilizes tag's CC2530F256 pseudorandom number generator to add a random value to the first strategy output. This strategy makes the proposed scheme dynamic and secure, because it prevents the attackers from accessing to the tag ID by estimating fixed waiting time of the first strategy. Such a collision-avoidance scheme overcomes the conventional methods constraints, such as tag population estimation latency in Aloha-based methods and time-consuming lengthy queries in Tree-based protocols. Simulation results show that the collision is avoided by using the carrier sensing capability and the identification efficiency of 63% is achieved by the proposed scheme, which is more efficient than conventional tag anti-collision schemes, such as ISO/IEC 18000-7, CSMA non persistent, CSMA p-persistent, QT, CT, and QWT. Besides, experimental results prove that the above-mentioned scheme works properly.