Design and performance analysis of rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) based on 3 different substrates at 2.5 GHz

In this paper a rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) has been designed on a single layer substrate. The main motive of this paper is to increase the low gain. Three different substrates have been used to analyze and differentiate the performance of the RMPA. The three substrates are Silica glass, Nickel, & Silver and the permittivity of the substrates are 3.8, 4.8544, and 3.0760 respectively. The proposed RMPA has been simulated which covers the range of 1 to 2.5GHz. The antenna is fabricated using Flame retardant (FR-4 lossy) substrate and a thickness of 1.5mm was used. The Microstrip line feed has been used for the feeding and hence the transmission line model is used to calculate the length and width of the antenna. Optimum values of the design parameters have been taken using trial and error methods with the purpose of acquiring precise measurements as well as the best possible features i.e. gain, directivity, operating frequency, efficiency etc.