Modelling of photovoltaic cells in variable conditions of temperature and intensity of solar insolation as a method of mapping the operation of the installation in real conditions

In engineering it is a common practice to apply a mathematical model of a given system in order to describe the behaviour of the system. The main aim of this study is to create a mathematical model of a photovoltaic installation as well as to verify whether such model enables one to assess the effectiveness, operating specification and voltage characteristics of the mentioned installation without the need for creating a real-world working installation. The mathematical models have been prepared for a single photovoltaic cell as well as a series circuit of a couple of cells connected using both a bypass diode. The study has been carried out using Matlab Simulink software in various levels of exposure to Sun rays, various temperatures as well as during a simulation of a partial eclipse of the photovoltaic installation. In order to depict the operation of the mathematical model, a graphic interpretation of the results has been created. The graphic presentation of the data has enabled one to show how temperature and sun-light intensity (changing atmospheric conditions) can influence the voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic modules. It also shows the dependence between power and voltage. The study shows that the mathematical model can be used for exploring anomalies as well as for diagnostics. It also enables one to interpret the results described through an implemented algorithm in a way that would mirror real operating conditions.