Vehicle routing problem with mixed fleet of electric and conventional vehicles under emissions allowances

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, climate change regulations was set to the transport sector. Within an imposed gap of emissions, companies are incentivized to adopt clean technologies so as Electric Vehicles (EV). This relatively new technology have gained increasing interest both from companies and researchers. EV have several qualities such as been zero emissions, silent, required less regular maintenance, regenerative braking and lower operation costs. Although, the acquisition costs of EV are high namely the cost of the battery and the infrastructure. Thus, the replacement of Conventional Vehicles (CV) with electric vehicles for the majority of companies is progressively made. The main purpose of this paper is dealing with a heterogeneous fleet composed of electric vehicles and conventional ones, which is a real industry network encountered in practice. The conventional vehicles are limited by a fixed quantity of greenhouse gas emissions. However, electric vehicles are limited by the battery range. In this work, we present a mixed integer linear programming that aims to model a mixed fleet composed by limited range electric vehicles and limited emissions conventional vehicles with time windows and capacity. A study of the proposed objective functions was presented.