Spatial Analysis of Residential Combined Photovoltaic and Battery Potential: Case Study Utrecht, the Netherlands

An analysis of current share of potential, level of autarky, self-consumption rate and self-sufficiency rate have been performed for residential photovoltaics (PV) battery combined systems on neighbourhood level for the city of Utrecht in the Netherlands. PV yield potential has been assessed for each roof and scaled to neighbourhood level. Residential demand patterns were created using measured demand patterns and demographic information. All the information has been scaled to the neighbourhood level. It was found that battery systems are currently not required to improve the PV self-sufficiency on neighbourhood scale. Also, the calculated PV potential is not sufficient to meet the residential demand in the neighbourhoods. The historical city centre shows a low PV-battery potential, due to the low PV potential and high demand, whereas the suburban areas show large PV-battery potential. Batteries are useful to improve the self-sufficiency rates up to 14% in the neighbourhoods. The obtained knowledge is valuable for local governments to implement